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Androgens also have an anabolic (synthesizing and constructive, rather than degradative) function in stimulating the production of skeletal muscles and bone as well as red blood cells. Androgens are primarily responsible for the development and maintenance of reproductive function and stimulation of the secondary sex characteristics in the male. The principal androgen, testosterone, is produced primarily by the testes and in lesser amounts by the adrenal cortex and (in women) by the ovaries. Mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone help maintain the balance between water and salts in the body, predominantly exerting their effects within the kidney. Glucocorticoids also help to maintain normal blood pressure, and their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions have rendered them useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis and preventing the rejection of transplanted organs. Glucocorticoids such as cortisol control or influence many metabolic processes, including the formation of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids and the deposition of glycogen in the liver.

The adrenal cortex produces the adrenocortical hormones, which consist of the glucocorticoids and the mineralocorticoids.

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